The session started off with one of our mates brushing up on the basics of branching and looping concepts of 'C'. After this our SME gave an insight into what is an IMEI. We then saw a few slides on our very new light combat aircraft or otherwise called as Tejas: India's first intelligent fighter plane. We then moved on to know what is an Avionics system, otherwise called as aviation electronics which is defined as all electronics and electro mechanical systems and subsytems installed in an aircraft or attached to it. It has emerged as the central integrated technology and must be integrated in the conceptual design phase in the design of the aircraft. The different principle drivers are safety, mission of the aircraft, life cycle cost/cost of ownership and certification which is a major factor in avionics design. The various certifications are FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) in America, DGCA (Director General Of Civil Aviation) in India, CEMILAC (Certificate For Fighter Plane Centre For Military Airworthiness Certificate), ADA (Aeronautical Develop Agency). We then learnt about the various avionics on a multipurpose aircraft namely the IFF which identifies whether the aircraft from the enemy territory is a civil one oa a fighter plane and shoots down if its not a civil aircraft, MLS, weather radar, marker beacon, DME, VHF 2/Military UHF, ATC Transponders, ICAS, Radio Altimeter, Line TV, VOR/LOC 1 &2, FM Broadcast, ADF, UHF Satcom etc...
The next concept of the day was navigation under which there are Dead Recokoning Navigation System, Mapping Navigation System, Flight Control, Engine Control(FADEC), Flight Mnagement(heart and brain of an aircraft), Subsystem Monitoring And Control, Collision Avoidance, Weather Detection. The various datas involved in avionics are fresh and valid, which is the only one that has to be considered and the other ones are fresh and invalid, stale but valid and stale but invalid. We then had an insight into the professional coding standards and it was amazing to know the various facts about it like the number of variables it holds and also the significance of each. We then moved on to the concept of ELT(Emergency Location Transmitter which is a subsystem and is triggered automatically on high-g impact. It emitts distinctive tones on 121.5, 243 and 406MHz, where 121.5MHz is an emergency frequency which every pilot has to tune to.
The regulatory and advisory agencies are:
1.ICAQ-International Civil Aviation Organisation
2.FCC-Federal Communication Commission
3.RTCA-Requirements And Technical Concepts In Aviation
4.ARINC-Aeronautical Radio Incorpated owned by USA and defines standards for communication
protocols.
5.SAE-Society For Automotive Engineers
6.IEEE-Institution On Electrical And Electronics Engineers
7.JAA-European Joint Aviation Authorities
8.EUROCAE-European Organisation For Civil Aviation Equipment
We then discussed an avionics system in detail which is the EGPWS(Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System) which provides caution and warning to the pilots about the terrain around the aircraft. Basic functions of EGPWS are categorised into seven modes namely:
Mode 1:Excessive Descent Rate
Mode 2:Excessive closure to terrain
Mode 3:Altitude loss after take-off
Mode 4:Unsafe terrain clearance
Mode 5:Excessive glide slope deviation
Mode 6:Advisory callout/Bank angle
Mode 7:Wind shear alerting
The last concept for the day was the TCAS(Traffic Collission And Avoidance System) which consists of two types of alerts such as:
Traffic Advisories (TA's): to assist the pilot in visual search of intruders(TCAS 1).
Resolution Advisories:To resolve potential mid-air collissions(TCAS 2).
This marked the end of the session.
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